2005
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Bagchi, S. N. & Misra, R. 2005, The Urgent Order (a Teaching Case), XLRI CS 05-6 (September).
Abstract: The performance management and appraisal (PMA) system plays a critical role in the organizations' ability to achieve its strategic goals. Designing and implementing a PMA system is one of the core managerial functions. While many frameworks exist for designing PMA, e.g., Management by Objectives (MBO), the Balanced Scorecard etc., these frameworks are no panacea for faulty design of performance metrics that form the foundations of PMA systems. This case, of a large manufacturing company in India, highlights the consequences resulting due to co-existence of two different performance management systems within a single organization.
The case also highlights post retrenchment organizational power dynamics - the loss of influence by persons who loose face in an organizational context. The situation is further complicated by inter-departmental conflicts, and animosity that lingers on even when the person changes departments.
Bagchi, S. N. 2005, Xenitis Group of Companies (a Teaching Case), XLRI CS 05-5 (July).
Abstract: The Xenitis Group of Companies has emerged as a significant player in the personal computer market in Indian sub-continent, after the introduction of its Aamar PC, priced at Rs.9,990/-. This case discusses the strategies adopted, and their future goals. The case has been based on secondary sources, as obtained and collated from different web-sites. This case has been developed to be a basis for class room discussion and not to illustrate correct or incorrect of handling a management situation.
Bagchi, S. N. 2005, Propaganda by Deed - Working Towards Aetiology of Workplace Homicide, XLRI WP 05-3 (July).
Abstract: A single case of workplace homicide, carried out by a collective body of workers, has been used to develop a theoretical framework to understand why and how the phenomenon of workplace homicide comes about. The theoretical framework, developed in terms of perpetrator's motives and action-choices, is tested using secondary data from another case of workplace homicide, which took place in USA, carried out by a single employee. In spite of the differences in the context and the character of the perpetrator, i.e., a collective body of employees versus a lone individual- in terms of the stages through workplace homicide finally emerges, the cases exhibit similar patterns.
Ghalke, A. K.; Rawtani, M. L. & Mandal, S. 2005, Foreign Exchange Rate Movement Predictions Model: A Machine Learning, XLRI WP 05-7 (August).
Abstract: Globalized business coupled with the absence of a unified currency has left organizations exposed to the foreign exchange rate risks. Organizations hedge this risk by buying derivative instruments to cover their position. However, there is a cost attached to it. This cost can be minimized by use of a prediction model, which would indicate foreign exchange rate movement. Empirical studies have shown that this exchange rate depends on factors related to economies of countries whose currencies are associated in the exchange. Since, no deterministic relationship exists between these factors and the exchange rate, a learning based computing model is required to predict it at a time in future. Here, we have proposed a hybrid model based on machine learning approaches to predict the direction of movement i.e. upward or downward. We have trained and tested the prediction capability of the model with a data set for the exchange rate between US dollar and Indian Rupee. The test results show that the model is capable of predicting foreign exchange rate movement with statistically significant probability.
Keywords: Foreign Exchange Rate Prediction, Machine Learning, Risk Hedging
Rai, H. 2005, Dispute Handling Capability : Morphology & Modalities - Development of a Model. XLRI WP 05-4 (July).
Abstract: Dispute handling capability is a critical resource in society given that disputes are an ever present reality in social, economic and political activity spheres. Over the years, there has been a surfeit of scholarly endeavour in the social sciences and in applied fields of research in understanding the morphology and substance of disputes. The main contribution of the current study to this genre of research would be to examine one important aspect of this area of research - dispute handling capability.
The study has been carried out in the discovery mode and is an exploratory study since repeated literature searches before, during and after this study have yielded little information about this construct, although there is considerable work on disputes and dispute resolution. The study to conceptualize Dispute Handling Capability and propose its modalities, took a 3-phase approach. In Phase 1, relevant studies were scanned to gain some insights into the concept of dispute handling capability. Subsequently, in Phase 2, the study analysed 30 incidents from Mahabharata. Incidents of disputes were outlined, described, analysed, and insights were drawn from them to further sharpen the understanding of the phenomenon and to generate items for its measurement. Armed with sharper understanding of dispute handling capability, in Phase 3, an interview checklist was created and a connection was made with subjects through exploratory interviews.
The study has identified the Morphology of Dispute Handling Capability (DHC) in terms of five dimensions - Artfulness, Diplomacy, Detachedness, Fair mindedness and Sagacity. Further the study also tried to capture the modalities of DHC in terms of its correlates. The study suggests that socio-economic correlates in terms of age, work experience, gender, marital status, number of children, caste, education, family income, and personality type could be correlated with DHC. Among organizational correlates, organizational culture, presence of union, product type, organizational profile and organizational workforce profile could be correlated with DHC. Dispute Handling Training is also expected to be correlated with DHC. These correlates would help in understanding DHC modalities in the social and organizational spheres.
The study is a pioneering endeavour to examine the concept of dispute handling capability (DHC) and to identify the socio-economic and organizational correlates of DHC. From the practitioner's point of view, the study will help in diagnosing DHC of individuals, which can form the basis of mentoring and coaching programmes designed to develop these capabilities in executives.
Saha, B. & Gangopadhyay, S. 2005, Building A Pedagogy Around Action And Emotion: Experiences of Blind Opera of Kolkata, XLRI WP 05-8 (August).
Saha, B. & Kakani, R. K. 2005, Knowledge, Power And Action: Towards An Understanding of Implementation Failures In A Government Scheme, XLRI WP 05-9 (August).
Surulivel, S. 2005, How Good are the Better Performing PSEs? A Comparison with Private Sector Firms: Evidence from India, XLRI WP 05-2 (April).
Abstract: With the progressive deregulation and liberalisation of the Indian financial sector, banks are increasingly exposed to various kinds of risk - both financial and non-financial. Efficiency of every bank depends on how effectively it is managing the risks and ensuring a competitive risk adjusted return on capital. For this, it is essential to have in place effective risk management and internal control systems, which are crucial to the conduct of banking business not only to lead the bank more profitably but also in compliance of prudential guidelines, for which a professional approach in risk management is called for.
The first section of the paper attempts to categorise various stages involved in the implementation of Risk Based Internal Audit (RBIA) in Banks and Financial Institutions and the focus & needs of Risk Based Internal Audit and Risk Based Supervision (RBS). The second section of the paper covers some approaches to assess risk in RBIA. In total 7 approaches of risk assessment practiced by the banks and financial institutions in India are discussed. The last section of the paper comes out with summary and future strategies for banks and financial institutions to switch over to RBIA. Lastly, the author had come out with a conclusion that at present there does not seem to be any uniform approach in respect of risk assessment, drawing up of risk matrix and audit report format and its follow up. There are a few success stories on implementation of RBIA. But most of the banks expect further guidelines on various aspects of RBIA. The above paper is based on the survey conducted by author on status and methodology adopted for risk assessment by various Public Sector, Private Sector and Foreign Banks in India to switch over to RBIA.
Pailwar, V. K. 2005, Seasonal Pattern in Quarterly GDP of India, XLRI WP 05-10 (August).
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2004
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Jaiswal, A. K. & Nath, P. 2004, Antecedents and Consequences of Customer Satisfaction in Business-to-Consumer e-Commerce, XLRI WP February 2004.
Jaiswal, A. K.; Venugopal, P. & Olsen, S. O. (University of Tromso, Norway) 2004, Modeling the Relationship between Service Quality, Satisfaction and Value: A Relative Attitudinal Approach, XLRI WP February 2004.
Kapur, D. & Dholakia, R. H. 2004, Determinants of Export Performance of Indian Firms: A Strategic Perspective, XLRI WP August 2004.
Lal, J. B. & Srinivas, E. S. 2004, An Examination of Three-Component Conceptualization of Commitment to Organizational Change, XLRI WP January 2004.
Lal, J. B. & Srinivas, E. S. 2004, Impact of Downsizing on the Orientations of the Employees Toward the Organization, XLRI WP January 2004.
Mohanty, P. 2004, Finding Cost of Capital When the Market Value of Debt is not Known, XLRI WP November 2004.
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2003
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Joseph, P. T. 2003, Managerial Styles of The Enneagram And Emotional Competence: An Exploratory Study, XLRI WP April 2003.
Mohanty, P. 2003, Control or Synergy: What Motivates Mergers in India, XLRI WP December 2003..
Mohanty, P. 2003, In Defense of EVA, XLRI WP July 2003. Also as Working Paper by Social Science Research Network (SSRN).
Mohanty, P. 2003, A Practical Approach to Solving the Circularity Problem in Estimating the Cost of Capital, XLRI WP August 2003. Also as Working Paper by Social Science Research Network (SSRN).
Pailwar, V. K. 2003, Foreign Direct Investment and Domestic Saving, Investment Behaviour in India, XLRI WP August 2003.
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2002
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Kakani, R. K. & Rajesh. K. M. 2002, Financial Performance of Indian Business Groups: A Soft Computing Approach, XLRI WP December 2002.
Kakani, R. K. & Ray, P. 2002, Managerial Remuneration: Changing Guidelines, Fatter Pay Packets and Incentives to Performance, XLRI WP July 2002.
Kaul, M. & Kakani, R. K. 2002, Firm Performance and Size in Liberalized Era: The Indian Case, XLRI WP August 2002.
Mohanty, P. 2002, Who Gains in Share Buyback, XLRI WP November 2002.
Pailwar, V. K. 2002, Market Imperfections, CAS Bill and the Social Welfare: A Case Study of the Cable TV Industry, XLRI WP August 2002.
Pani, A. K. 2002, ERP and e-Business: An Evolving Relationship, XLRI WP June 2002.
Srinivas, E. S.; Toh, S. M; Shin, S. & Varma, A. 2002, The Relationship between Cultural Values and the Importance of Contextual Performance: A Two-Country Comparison, XLRI WP June 2002.
Shukla, M. 2002, Revisiting Knowledge Management: Integrating "Knower" with the Knowledge Processes, XLRI WP August 2002.
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2000
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Agrawal, M. L. 2000. Towards a 100% OK Movement: A Report on Customer Service Strategy. XLRI WP 2000-02 (April).
Abstract: The report describes the concept of customer service and its strategic importance in sustaining business success and in obtaining a competitive edge in the present corporate scenario. That customer service really works is profiled in five business firms in India and overseas. The report concludes with the key implications and a strategic framework for the companies.
Patel, B. M. 2000 Net Value Added (NVA) & Share Value Appreciation Rate (SVAR): The Improved Value Addition Measures for Evaluation of Corporate Projects. XLRI WP 2000-01 (February).
Abstract: Quite a good number of theories and tools of corporate finance have got wider consensus among academicians. Corporate financial objective and DCF techniques for the evaluation of projects are two of them. Net present value method, among the DCF ones, is considered to be the most suitable method in line with the corporate financial objective of shareholder wealth maximization, wealth and value are similar terms denoting the same thing. This paper attempts to scrutinize the NPV method's relevance, if any, with a measure of shareholder wealth and also suggests a better method. The newly suggested alternative method is named as net value added (NVA), which measures the creation of value for shareholders through the corporate investment decisions.
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1999
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Venugopal, P. 1999. Risk of Drug Abuse in Children: A Conceptual Model. XLRI WP 99-1 (August).
Abstract: The foundation for compulsive behavior is within many people. This is often established in childhood, and influenced by relationships within the family and other social and cultural factors. This study therefore aims at developing a screener to estimate the children (by cultures, family and city type) who are at risk of drug abuse.
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1998
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Chen, P.; Mehrotra, V.; Sivakumar, R. & Yu, W. 1998. Layoffs, shareholder’s wealth, and corporate performance. XLRI WP 98-3 (July).
Abstract: We examine the relation between work force reductions or layoffs and corporate performance and stockholders’ wealth. We find that layoffs follow a period of poor stock market and earnings performance, and are followed by significant improvements in both. Second, we find that layoff announcements are, on average, associated with a significantly negative stock market response, which we interpret as investors’ inference of "worse than expected" true earnings. We do not find any evidence that layoff announcements are followed by reduced total employment at the median firm in the next two years. Neither do we find evidence of a significant decline in research and development outlays following layoff decisions. To the extent total employment and R&D are socially desirable, our results contradict the view that layoffs are socially destructive. We do find evidence of an increase in corporate focus as measured by the number of business segments the firm reports for accounting purposes, and as measured by a sales-based Herfindahl index. We also document the reasons cited by management for layoffs. A large number of layoffs, not surprisingly, are motivated by a desire to cut costs. Other reasons include a slackening of product demand, poor prior period earnings, and an unspecified desire to restructure. We do not find evidence of unusual control activity, labor strikes, or chapter eleven filings prior to layoffs.
Krishnan, V. R. 1998. Leader-Member Exchange, Transformational Leadership and Value System Congruence Between Leader and Follower. XLRI WP 98-5 (November).
Abstract: This paper reports two studies -- one conducted in India and the other in the United States -- that looked at the relationship between Leader-Member Exchange (LMX), transformational leadership and value system congruence between leader and follower. Findings indicate that LMX is positively related to transformational leadership, which in turn is positively related to value system congruence. Findings also suggest that transformational leadership mediates the relationship between LMX and value system congruence. Value system congruence is presented as the key to identifying transformational leadership, and the distinctness of the two constructs of LMX and transformational leadership is discussed.
Krishnan, V. R. & Srinivas, E. S. 1998. Transactional and Transformational Leadership: An Examination of Bass’s (1985) Conceptualization in the Indian Context. XLRI WP 98-2 (July).
Abstract: Bass (1985) proposed a five-factor model of transactional and transformational leadership. A study of 337 managers revealed that a different set of six factors forms the basis of transactional and transformational leadership in the Indian context. The relationship between the six factors and certain outcome variables was also studied.
KNoronha, N. 1998. Displaced workers and the withering of the welfare state. XLRI WP 98-1 (June).
Abstract: This study on displaced workers of a closed textile mill in Ahmedabad shows how the shift from state welfare to neo-liberal has affected the workers in the organized sector. It clearly brings out the process of casualization, de-skilling and decline in wages due to closure of the mill. Finally the impact of closure of displaced workers and the State's inadequacy to deal with the situation is discussed.
Shukla, M. 1998. Strategising Research for Technological Innovation. XLRI WP 98-4 (July).
Abstract:With increasing competition, the role of R&D in Indian organisations has acquired greater importance. Studies also show that technological innovativeness of R&D depends not just on the amount of investments, but more on how the research function is defined in the company. Based on study of innovative research-based companies, this paper suggests that research can produce technological innovations: (1) when innovation is part of the vision of the top management, (2) when the link between the R&D activities and strategy and the company's overall growth strategy is clearly defined, (3) when the research agenda is determined by the user/customer requirements, and (4) when the R&D strategy allows scope to "co-produce" with others, e.g., user departments, customers, other research establishments, etc.
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1997
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De, P. K. 1997. A Critical Assessment of Technology Policy of India for a Sustainable Growth. XLRI WP 97-5 (October).
Abstract: The paper presents a critical assessment of various technology policies adopted in India it acquired independence fifty years ago. It discusses reasons why various technology policies could not generate adequate thrust to perform well technologically. The paper points out the important features and shortcomings of different technology policies. It discusses the prospects of India becoming globally competitive in the wake of its economic liberalization, which started in 1991. The paper highlights the impact of socio-cultural background of India in implementing technology policies. At the end, the paper gives suggestions to rejuvenate the technology policies. At the end, the paper gives suggestions to rejuvenate the technology policy of India.
De, P. K. 1997. A Statistical Analysis and Review of Central Sector Projects in India. XLRI WP 97-3 (July).
Abstract: Massive cost overruns and high gestation periods are matters of great concern in implementing the central sector projects in India. This paper makes a statistical analysis of the relationship between the project parameters and the cost overruns incurred by the central sector projects. The paper also critically highlights the present scenario of project delays and cost overruns. Finally, it gives suggestions to improve the existing project management practices in handling central sector projects.
De, P. K. 1997. Technological Competitiveness of a Developing Economy: The Case of Independent India. XLRI WP 97-2 (June
Abstract: This article presents a critical review of technological competitiveness of India since it acquired independence fifty years ago. It discusses the various phases of economic transformation and explains how India is becoming an emerging economy. After 45 years of comprehensive economic failure, India embarked on a new course of economic liberalization in 1991. This signifies a departure from a protective inward looking economy that could not generate adequate pressure to perform well technologically. The growth of technology has been examined with the help of various technology growth indicators, like research intensity, R&D manpower, patent statistics and the technology balance of payments. The article analyzes the consistently weak technology policy. It also points out the delayed awareness and improper implementation of the technology policy. The strong influence of the socio-economic background of India on technological growth has been highlighted. At the end, suggestions are given to rejuvenate the technology position of India in the dynamic global environment.
Krishnan, V. R. 1997. Are Transformational Leaders Ethical? An Empirical Study of Burns's (1978) Conceptualization. XLRI WP 97-1 (March).
Abstract: Burns (1978) defined transformational leadership as occurring "when one or more persons engage with others in such a way that leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality" (page 20). The concept of moral leadership was of utmost concern to Burns. Subsequent authors however, have treated transformational leadership as being unrelated to ethics and morality (Bass, 1990a). This is a study to empirically test Burns's conceptualization of moral leadership as being a vital aspect of transformational leadership. Participants in the study consisted of 95 pairs of leaders and subordinates of a leading non-profit service organization in the United States. Results provide support to the claim that those who score high on transformational leadership give greater importance to moral values.
Mitra, R. & Venugopal, P. 1997. Changing Levels of Market Dependence : A Study of Indian Villages. XLRI WP 97-4 (July).
Abstract: The increasing competition in the Indian urban market is forcing marketers to look at rural India as an alternative market for their products. However, the vast differences among and within the villages and the cost involved in marketing to the rural markets makes it necessary for marketers to choose rural markets carefully. The current research studied the economic unit and the market in terms of (a) the market dependence of the household's occupational aspirations, and (b) the household's consumer aspirations using a simulated market game. The study finds that market dependence varies both according to the village level parameters and villager level parameters.
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